{"id":1733,"date":"2017-07-07T17:21:15","date_gmt":"2017-07-07T23:21:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/?page_id=1733"},"modified":"2020-11-10T10:26:51","modified_gmt":"2020-11-10T17:26:51","slug":"linn-humphrey-forster","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/the-biographies\/linn-humphrey-forster\/","title":{"rendered":"Linn Humphrey Forster"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"WPMainDoc\">\n<p>(Buffalo, New York, August 3, 1890 \u2013 September 2, 1918)<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote1\" href=\"#WPFootnote1\">1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Linn Humphrey Forster and his younger brother Frank Henri Forster were raised by their mother after the death of their father 1898.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote2\" href=\"#WPFootnote2\">2<\/a>\u00a0 Linn studied mechanical engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic, graduating in 1913, and then worked for Crosby Company, a metal stamping firm, in Buffalo.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote3\" href=\"#WPFootnote3\">3<\/a>\u00a0 He was a member of the Second Aero Squadron, Signal Corps, New York National Guard, which was formed in Buffalo under the command of John M. Satterfield in the spring of 1916 in anticipation of possible use in the Mexican Punitive Expedition.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote4\" href=\"#WPFootnote4\">4<\/a>\u00a0 Although not deployed, the 2<sup>nd<\/sup>\u00a0Aero trained alongside the 1<sup>st<\/sup>\u00a0at Mineola in 1916, and it is thus possible that Forster, like the men who attended ground school at Princeton, actually had some flying experience before going overseas.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote5\" href=\"#WPFootnote5\">5<\/a>\u00a0 In any case, Forster went on to ground school at Cornell, graduating September 1, 1917.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote6\" href=\"#WPFootnote6\">6<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Forster was among the men from his class who chose or were chosen to train in Italy, and was thus one of the 150 men of the \u201cItalian\u201d or \u201csecond Oxford detachment\u201d who sailed to England on the <i>Carmania<\/i>. \u00a0They left New York for Halifax on September 18, 1917, and sailed from Halifax as part of a convoy for the Atlantic crossing on September 21, 1917. \u00a0When they arrived at Liverpool on October 2, 1917, the men learned that they were to proceed not to Italy, but to Oxford, where they spent October repeating ground school at Oxford\u2019s School of Military Aeronautics. \u00a0In early November, twenty of the men, mainly ones who had flown at Princeton, were selected by the sergeant of the second Oxford detachment, Elliott White Springs, to go to Stamford for flight training, but most of the men, including Forster, travelled instead up to Harrowby Camp near Grantham in Lincolnshire to attend machine gun school, putting in time until there were openings at flying squadrons.<\/p>\n<p>Fifty of the men left Grantham on November 19, 1917, for flying schools, but Forster was among those who continued at Grantham through Thanksgiving and the end of November.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote7\" href=\"#WPFootnote7\">7<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2077\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2077\" style=\"width: 317px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2077\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Foss-Dec-3-posting-list-Stamford.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"317\" height=\"212\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Foss-Dec-3-posting-list-Stamford.jpg 2009w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Foss-Dec-3-posting-list-Stamford-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Foss-Dec-3-posting-list-Stamford-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Foss-Dec-3-posting-list-Stamford-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Foss-Dec-3-posting-list-Stamford-1200x801.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 317px) 85vw, 317px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2077\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">From Foss&#8217;s list of men posted December 3, 1917.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Finally, however, on December 3, 1917, the remaining men were posted to flying schools. According to a list drawn up by second Oxford detachment member Fremont Cutler Foss, Forster was one of the five men posted to No. 1 Training Depot Station at Stamford (the others were Edmond Thomas Keenan, Burr Watkins Leyson, Charles Francis Moore, and John Howard Raftery).<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote8\" href=\"#WPFootnote8\">8<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Arrived at Stamford, Forster shared a room at \u201cThe Baths\u201d with William Ludwig Deetjen, who was one of the second Oxford detachment members who had been at Stamford since early November. \u00a0After the spartan accommodations at Oxford and Grantham, 16 Bath Row was luxurious: \u00a0\u201cWe are by the bank of the little stream, and have a fine view from our front windows.\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0. \u00a0Now we have heat and hot water &amp; free as well as frequent baths.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote9\" href=\"#WPFootnote9\">9<\/a>\u00a0In mid-December Forster and Deetjen made an excursion to Nottingham where they met up with William Dolley Tipton of the first Oxford detachment; they went to the movies and tea with \u201cthe girls Linn knew,\u201d then on to dinner, not arriving back at Stamford until nearly midnight, having \u201chad the time of our lives.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote10\" href=\"#WPFootnote10\">10<\/a>\u00a0 The next day (December 13, 1917), Forster, who had been ailing for several days, went to hospital, where Deetjen visited him frequently; Forster returned to \u201cThe Baths\u201d on about December 17, 1917. As Deetjen would be in Edinburgh over Christmas, he and Forster had a pre-Christmas celebration on December 23, 1917, lighting the tree Deetjen had been sent from home. They \u201cshared a bottle of burgundy &amp; drank to our mothers, our home, and the U.S.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote11\" href=\"#WPFootnote11\">11<\/a>\u00a0 On New Year\u2019s Eve, the two of them \u201cgave a little party to Mason &amp; Eddy Foy.\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0. We again lit our little tree, and later sallied forth to the Territorial Armory for Stamford\u2019s great ball.\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0. \u2019Twas some dance and I never hit home till 2 A.M. Linn never got home at all.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote12\" href=\"#WPFootnote12\">12<\/a>\u00a0 Days were taken up with classes and machine gun practice and, when weather and availability of planes permitted, practice flying on Curtiss JN-4s and DH.6s.<\/p>\n<p>Deetjen and Forster evidently went separate ways once the former left for Waddington in mid-January 1918. His only further mention of Forster comes from a diary entry for February 19, 1918: \u00a0\u201cGot a letter from Linn who is at St. Albans that De Gamo [<i>sic<\/i>; sc. Degarmo] was killed in a Spad\u201d; Forster was probably at one of the training squadrons at London Colney, near St. Albans.<\/p>\n<p>Forster is one of many men whose appointments as first lieutenants Pershing recommended in a cable dated April 8, 1918; for some reason it took Washington over a month to send the confirming cable, which is dated May 13, 1918.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote13\" href=\"#WPFootnote13\">13<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0Around this time, Forster apparently went up to the School of Aerial Fighting and Gunnery at Marske-by-the-Sea in North Yorkshire to train on S.E.5s, joining Marvin Kent Curtis, Glenn Dickenson Wicks, and Jesse Frank Campbell; on June 19, 1918, the latter, who had arrived at Marske on about May 18, 1918, wrote in his diary that \u201cWicks, Forester [<em>sic<\/em>], and myself started for Dover to fly Camels.\u201d Campbell, and presumably Wicks and Forster as well, was stationed at No. 65 Training Squadron in Dover.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote13a\" href=\"#WPFootnote13a\">13a<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Two weeks later, on July 4, 1918, Forster was assigned to the American 148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron (a Camel squadron), joining Springs, Field Eugene Kindley, William Thomas Clements, and others from the Second Oxford detachment.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote14\" href=\"#WPFootnote14\">14<\/a>\u00a0 Springs, in a letter to his stepmother dated July 18, 1918, indicates that Forster was in B flight, which he (Springs) commanded.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote15\" href=\"#WPFootnote15\">15<\/a>\u00a0 148 was stationed at Cappelle Airdrome near Dunkirk, not far from the 17<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron at Petite Synthe. Both squadrons, although American in personnel, were stationed on the British Front and remained under the tactical command of the R.A.F. until late in the war when they were moved south to the American Front. William P. Taylor, the squadron historian, describes the 148th\u2019s activities at Cappelle:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">.\u00a0.\u00a0. line patrols were soon started and after careful study of the map showing this sector, from the coast at Nieuport down to Ypres, most of it flat, marshy country where the line had been permanent for four years, the patrol leaders took their charges up to the edge of that awesome place, \u201cHunland,\u201d and let them look it over. As aerial activity was comparatively quiet on this front, few Huns were sighted and day after day the line patrols were practiced without an attempt yet at offensive work.\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0. After a week or more of line patrols the first offensive patrol over lines was made on July 20<sup>th<\/sup>, that of escorting the British \u201cDe Haviland-9&#8243; bombing planes far over the lines to bomb the Belgian coast cities of Zerbrugge, and Ostend and also Bruges, inland some distance and over twenty-five miles into \u201cHunland.\u201d The first escorting trip across the lines was made to Bruges and to many of the pilots it was the baptism of fire as the \u201cArchie\u201d bursts were continuous during the entire trip.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote16\" href=\"#WPFootnote16\">16<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Clements, who was in B flight with Forster, notes in his diary the many uneventful patrols and dud days in July, punctuated at the end by a \u201cvery, very warm day over Hunland.\u201d \u00a0B flight departed at 6:30 in the morning of July 31, 1918, led by deputy commander Harry Jenkinson, Jr. \u00a0About ten miles into the patrol, they sighted a German balloon which they tried to go after, but they were discouraged by fierce anti-aircraft fire. \u201cAs we were getting back, four Huns came down on our rear man but did not get him. I thought once that poor Forster was gone. It was a pretty hot time.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote17\" href=\"#WPFootnote17\">17<\/a>\u00a0 Francis L. Irvin, one of the enlisted men in the 148<sup>th<\/sup>, recorded in his war diary for this day: \u201cLt. Forster\u2019s plane shot up by Fokker.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote18\" href=\"#WPFootnote18\">18<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1742\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1742\" style=\"width: 452px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1742\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Foster-or-Forster-from-Clay-photo-album.jpg\" alt=\"A photo labelled &quot;Foster&quot; pasted into an album showing a mustached man standing before a tent.\" width=\"452\" height=\"737\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Foster-or-Forster-from-Clay-photo-album.jpg 452w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Foster-or-Forster-from-Clay-photo-album-184x300.jpg 184w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 452px) 85vw, 452px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1742\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">From Henry Robinson Clay&#8217;s photo album.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>One of only two photos of Forster I have been able to find was perhaps taken the next day. Henry Robinson Clay, Jr., of the first Oxford detachment, who had been with the 148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0since the beginning of July, created a photo album of the \u201c148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0American Squadron\u201d that has the date \u201c8.1.1918&#8243; on the cover. On page 10 there is a photo labelled \u201cFoster\u201d that, given the context, is almost certainly of Linn Forster.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote19\" href=\"#WPFootnote19\">19<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ready for work on a more active front, the 148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0moved to Allonville, near Amiens, on August 11, 1918, three days after the British began their drive \u201cto wipe out the Amiens salient which had been driven into their lines by the German spring offensive.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote20\" href=\"#WPFootnote20\">20<\/a>\u00a0 The 148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0was \u201cnow attached to the Fourth British Army who were operating on the front from Albert to Roye and who were pounding away at the Hun and starting him back on that long and disastrous retreat which ended in capitulation.\u201d The squadron\u2019s work \u201cwas at once an entirely different and more serious proposition than that which they had just left.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote21\" href=\"#WPFootnote21\">21<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Combat and enemy ground target attack reports are available for the 148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0as part of Taylor and Irvin\u2019s compilation, but not records of all missions flown. However, Springs\u2019s flight log has been partially transcribed, and it indicates that Forster\u2019s flight leader, once returned from sick leave at the end of July, flew nearly daily missions, sometimes twice daily, and Forster presumably did the same. Starting on August 13, 1918, Springs\u2019s log shows numerous encounters with enemy aircraft.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote22\" href=\"#WPFootnote22\">22<\/a><\/p>\n<p>On August 18, 1918, the 148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0was ordered to Remaisnil, about seventeen miles to the north, where they were attached to the Third British Army, commanded by General Sir Julian Byng.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote23\" href=\"#WPFootnote23\">23<\/a>\u00a0 As the Third Army made its push towards Cambrai, the 148<sup>th<\/sup>, starting on August 22, 1918, undertook, in addition to their escort duties and offensive patrols, the particularly dangerous work of low bombing and ground strafing. The squadron\u2019s \u201cReport on Attack on Enemy Targets\u201d for that day records that Springs and Forster, flying Camels D-8250 and F-1400 respectively, dropped, from a height of 1500 feet, \u201cbombs on road just S.W. of Ecoust St Menin. Fired at transport on road S.W. Queant.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote24\" href=\"#WPFootnote24\">24<\/a>\u00a0 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1743 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Forster-bombing-report-Aug-22-1918-from-Gorrell.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3253\" height=\"2046\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Forster-bombing-report-Aug-22-1918-from-Gorrell.jpg 3253w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Forster-bombing-report-Aug-22-1918-from-Gorrell-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Forster-bombing-report-Aug-22-1918-from-Gorrell-768x483.jpg 768w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Forster-bombing-report-Aug-22-1918-from-Gorrell-1024x644.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Forster-bombing-report-Aug-22-1918-from-Gorrell-1200x755.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/>Similar reports appear for subsequent days. Forster took part in bombing and ground strafing on August 23, 24, and 26, while also taking part in offensive patrols. On August 27, 1918, he witnessed and attested to Springs\u2019s downing of a Fokker biplane near Pronville during an \u201cO.P.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote25\" href=\"#WPFootnote25\">25<\/a>\u00a0 Bad weather gave the pilots a respite until August 31, 1918, when once again \u201clow strafeing [<i>sic<\/i>] [was] the order of things today.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote26\" href=\"#WPFootnote26\">26<\/a>\u00a0 Forster took part in bombing raids that day and the next.<\/p>\n<p>The next day, September 2, 1918, Springs\u2019s flight log reads in part \u201c1 hour 35 minutes. Canal du Nord. Disaster itself.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote27\" href=\"#WPFootnote27\">27<\/a>\u00a0 He wrote his father the next day: \u201cYesterday I got mixed up in the hottest battle of my experience.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote28\" href=\"#WPFootnote28\">28<\/a>\u00a0 His B flight was protecting observation and contact patrol planes when a number of Fokkers approached. Springs\u2019s flight engaged them and shortly thereafter Kindley\u2019s A flight came to their assistance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Plainly the Huns meant business and so did we, so there you are. As soon as I would get on the tail of one Hun, another would get me and as soon as I would shake him off there would be another. Forster shot down one off my tail and got in a bad position himself. Two got him with one above waiting for me. He dove under me and I took the one on his tail.\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0. I don\u2019t know how many Huns we got out of it. I\u2019m the only one of my flight who returned.\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote29\" href=\"#WPFootnote29\">29<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Kindley reports similarly: \u201cI noticed one of our machines which I believe to be Lieut. Forster\u2019s with three enemy machines attacking him so I went to his assistance and luckily shot down one of the enemy. By this time I was attacked by three of the enemy and of course had my hands full trying to defend myself.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote30\" href=\"#WPFootnote30\">30<\/a>\u00a0 Kindley gave the time of the fight as 11:50 a.m. Taylor\u2019s squadron history reports of Forster: \u201cMissing in action Sept. 2, 1918. Last seen fighting enemy aircraft between Rumaucourt and Arras-Cambrai Road.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote31\" href=\"#WPFootnote31\">31<\/a><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_1746\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1746\" style=\"width: 305px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1746\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Forster-MIA-Attica-News-article.jpg\" alt=\"A newspaper clipping titled &quot;Lieut. Linn A. [sic] Forster Reported Missing.&quot;\" width=\"305\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Forster-MIA-Attica-News-article.jpg 305w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Forster-MIA-Attica-News-article-175x300.jpg 175w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 305px) 85vw, 305px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1746\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">From the Attica News (Attica, New York), October 24, 1918.<\/figcaption><\/figure>On October 18, 1918, Forster\u2019s mother received notice of his being missing in action.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote32\" href=\"#WPFootnote32\">32<\/a>\u00a0 His body was not recovered. He is memorialized on the tablets for those \u201cAmerican Soldiers who fought in this region and who sleep in unknown graves\u201d at the Somme American Cemetery and Memorial at Bony, France; there is also a grave marker for him in Forest Lawn Cemetery at Buffalo, New York.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote33\" href=\"#WPFootnote33\">33<\/a>\u00a0 Frank Henri Forster was serving in a medical capacity in the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps in Scotland at the time of Linn\u2019s death.\u00a0 When his son was born in 1926, he named him Linn Humphrey Forster after his brother.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote34\" href=\"#WPFootnote34\">34<\/a>\u00a0 Sometime in July 1931 Forster\u2019s mother, Jessie Humphreys Forster, was able to make a pilgrimage to his memorial thanks to a program of the Gold Star Mothers Club, which had been initiated by the mother of Forster\u2019s squadron mate, George Vaughn Seibold, who was killed in action a little over a week before Forster.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote35\" href=\"#WPFootnote35\">35<\/a><\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>mrsmcq July 7, 2017<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Notes<\/h3>\n<p>(For complete bibliographic entries, please consult the list of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/works-and-web-pages-cited-in-notes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">works and web pages cited<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote1\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote1\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0For Forster\u2019s place and date of birth, see Ancestry.com,\u00a0<i>U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918<\/i>, record for Linn Humphrey Forster. \u00a0The photo is from p. 84 of the 1913 <em>Transit<\/em>, the Rensselaer yearbook.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote2\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote2\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0For his father\u2019s death, see Ancestry.com,\u00a0<i>New York, Wills and Probate Records, 1659-1999<\/i>, record for Frank H Forster. See also Ancestry.com,\u00a0<i>1900 United States Federal Census<\/i>, record for Linn Forester [<i>sic<\/i>].<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote3\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote3\"><strong>3<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,\u00a0<i>Catalogue March 1918<\/i>, p. 254, as well as Forster\u2019s draft card, cited above.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote4\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote4\"><strong>4<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See Ancestry.com,\u00a0<i>New York, New York Guard Service Cards, 1906\u20131918, 1940\u20131948<\/i>, record for Louis [<i>sic<\/i>] Humphrey Forster, and \u201cLieut. Linn A. [<i>sic<\/i>] Forster Reported Missing.\u201d On Satterfield and the Second Aero see Sweeney,\u00a0<i>History of Buffalo and Erie County 1914-1919<\/i>, p. 309.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote5\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote5\"><strong>5<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0On the Second Aero and flight training, see Hennessy,\u00a0<i>The United States Army Air Arm, April 1861 to April 1917<\/i>, pp. 177 and 180.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote6\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote6\"><strong>6<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u201cGround School Graduations [for September 1, 1917].\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote7\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote7\"><strong>7<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Foss, Diary, entry for November 15, 1917.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote8\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote8\"><strong>8<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Foss, \u201cCadets of Italian Detachment Posted Dec 3<sup>rd<\/sup>\u201d (in Foss, Papers).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote9\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote9\"><strong>9<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Deetjen, Diary, entry for December 5, 1917.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote10\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote10\"><strong>10<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Deetjen, Diary, entry for December 13, 1917.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote11\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote11\"><strong>11<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Deetjen, Diary, entry for December 27, 1917,<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote12\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote12\"><strong>12<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Deetjen, Diary, entry for January 2, 1918. \u00a0Their guests were probably William J. Foy and Herbert Molloy Mason (sometimes apparently misidentified as Thomas Mason) of the first Oxford detachment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote13\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote13\"><strong>13<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Cablegrams 874-S and 1303-R; see <a href=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/the-biographies\/dana-edmund-coates\/#non-flying\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here<\/a> regarding the recommendation for \u201cnon flying\u201d status mentioned in the latter cablegram.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote13a\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote13a\"><strong>13a<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See The National Archives (United Kingdom), Royal Air Force officers&#8217; service records 1918\u20131919, record for Jesse F. Campbell.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote14\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote14\"><strong>14<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See the roster of officers on pp. 61-63 of Taylor,\u00a0<i>A History of the 148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote15\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote15\"><strong>15<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Springs,\u00a0<i>Letters from a War Bird<\/i>, p. 181.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote16\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote16\"><strong>16<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Taylor,\u00a0<i>A History of the 148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron<\/i>, pp. 26 &amp; 27.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote17\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote17\"><strong>17<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Clements, \u201cWorld War Diary of W. T. Clements 1917-1918,\u201d entry for July 31, 1918. Note: Forster\u2019s name is spelled \u201cFoster\u201d by Clements or his typist.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote18\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote18\"><strong>18<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Taylor and Irvin,\u00a0<i>Francis L. \u201cSpike\u201d Irvin\u2019s War Diary and The History of the 148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron Aviation Section<\/i>, p. 13.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote19\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote19\"><strong>19<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Clay, \u201c148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0American Squadron Album.\u201d Skelton and Williams,\u00a0<i>Lt. Henry R. Clay<\/i>, reproduce the picture as no. 48 with the same identification.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote20\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote20\"><strong>20<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Hudson,\u00a0<i>Hostile Skies<\/i>, p. 210.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote21\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote21\"><strong>21<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Taylor,\u00a0<i>A History of the 148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron<\/i>, p. 29.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote22\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote22\"><strong>22<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See Springs,\u00a0<i>Letters from a War Bird<\/i>, Chapters 6 and 7,\u00a0<i>passim<\/i>; the entry for August 13, 1918, is on p. 198.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote23\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote23\"><strong>23<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Taylor,\u00a0<i>A History of the 148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron<\/i>, p. 31.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote24\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote24\"><strong>24<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0For Forster\u2019s participation in this and subsequent attacks see\u00a0the bombing reports on pp. 162\u201389 of Taylor, A History of the 148th Aero Squadron.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote25\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote25\"><strong>25<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See combat report on p. 115 of Taylor,\u00a0<i>A History of the 148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote26\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote26\"><strong>26<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See Irvin\u2019s diary entries for August 28-31, 1918, on p. 15 of Taylor and Irvin\u2019s\u00a0<i>Francis L. \u201cSpike\u201d Irvin\u2019s War Diary and The History of the 148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron Aviation Section<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote27\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote27\"><strong>27<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Springs,\u00a0<i>Letters from a War Bird<\/i>, p. 221.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote28\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote28\"><strong>28<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<em>Ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote29\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote29\"><strong>29<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<em>Ibid<\/em>., p. 222.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote30\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote30\"><strong>30<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Quoted on pp. 121-22 of Ballard,\u00a0<i>War Bird Ace<\/i>. Forster is spelled \u201cFoster\u201d in the quoted passage.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote31\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote31\"><strong>31<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Taylor,\u00a0<i>A History of the 148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron<\/i>, p. 56. Skelton, in\u00a0<i>Callahan, the Last War Bird<\/i>, states that \u201cForster, Kenyon and Mandel were shot down by Leutnant Ernst Bormann\u201d (p. 43). Henshaw,\u00a0<i>The Sky Their Battlefield II<\/i>, more cautiously notes a Camel claim by Dahlmann and three by Bormann in the general area.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote32\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote32\"><strong>32<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u201cLieut. Linn A. [<i>sic<\/i>] Forster Reported Missing.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote33\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote33\"><strong>33<\/strong><\/a> \u00a0See \u201cLinn H. Forster,\u201d CWGC\/ABMC [pseud.], \u201c1LT Linn H. Forster,\u201d and Boone, \u201cLieut Linn Humphrey Forster.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote34\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote34\"><strong>34<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See Ancestry.com,\u00a0<i>New York, Abstracts of World War I Military Service, 1917-1919<\/i>, record for Frank H Forster, as well as \u201cLieut. Linn A. [<i>sic<\/i>] Forster Reported Missing.\u201d The nephew\u2019s name and date of birth are taken from hollyforster, \u201cForster Thomas Family,\u201d page for Linn Humphrey Forster M.D.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote35\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote35\"><strong>35<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See Ancestry.com,\u00a0<i>New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957<\/i>, record for Jessie Forster; Wikipedia, \u201cGold Star Mothers Club.\u201d (Note: according to census documents, Jessie\u2019s father\u2019s name was Humphrey Humphreys.)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Buffalo, New York, August 3, 1890 \u2013 September 2, 1918)1 Linn Humphrey Forster and his younger brother Frank Henri Forster were raised by their mother after the death of their father 1898.2\u00a0 Linn studied mechanical engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic, graduating in 1913, and then worked for Crosby Company, a metal stamping firm, in Buffalo.3\u00a0 He &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/the-biographies\/linn-humphrey-forster\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Linn Humphrey Forster&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1741,"parent":30,"menu_order":42,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1733","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1733","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1733"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1733\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6031,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1733\/revisions\/6031"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1733"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}