{"id":1808,"date":"2017-07-12T15:08:34","date_gmt":"2017-07-12T21:08:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/?page_id=1808"},"modified":"2023-07-12T14:56:14","modified_gmt":"2023-07-12T20:56:14","slug":"henry-bradley-frost","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/the-biographies\/henry-bradley-frost\/","title":{"rendered":"Henry Bradley Frost"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"WPMainDoc\">\n<div id=\"WPMainDoc\">\n<p>(Arlington, Massachusetts, August 8, 1892 \u2013 August 26, 1918, near Bapaume).<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote1\" href=\"#WPFootnote1\">1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Henry Bradley Frost was from a family with deep roots in Massachusetts and New England. An ancestor, Edmond Frost, was among the early Puritan settlers in Massachusetts, having emigrated in 1635; on Frost\u2019s mother\u2019s side, the Bradleys can be traced back to an Isaac Bradley of Branford, Connecticut, whose presence there is attested as early as 1667.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote2\" href=\"#WPFootnote2\">2<\/a>\u00a0 Frost was the youngest of three children and the only son of an Arlington farmer, Frank Clifton Frost, and his wife, Martha Ann (n\u00e9e Bradley) Frost.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote3\" href=\"#WPFootnote3\">3<\/a><\/p>\n<p>After graduating from high school in Arlington, Frost entered Dartmouth in 1910, graduating with an A.B. degree in 1914. \u00a0He travelled that summer to England; on his return in September, he pursued studies at Dartmouth\u2019s Thayer School and received a degree in civil engineering in 1915. His thesis, \u201cPlans and specifications of a private drive on the estate of Frank C. Frost, Arlington, Mass.\u201d is preserved in the Dartmouth archives.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote4\" href=\"#WPFootnote4\">4<\/a>\u00a0 His draft registration card indicates that in 1917 he was working for Swift and Company in Boston and that he had served for eight months in the Iowa National Guard. Another source indicates that he had worked for Swift in Illinois and Iowa in 1916 and 1917 and, that in the summer of 1916, at the time of the Mexican Punitive Expedition, he was stationed with the Iowa National Guard (Company G, 3<sup>rd<\/sup>\u00a0Iowa Infantry) near Brownsville, Texas, on the Mexican border.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote5\" href=\"#WPFootnote5\">5<\/a><\/p>\n<p>In the summer of 1917 Frost started ground school at M.I.T., graduating August 25, 1917.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote6\" href=\"#WPFootnote6\">6<\/a>\u00a0 Along with about a third of his M.I.T. classmates, he was selected for training in Italy, and he was thus among the 150 men of the \u201cItalian\u201d or \u201csecond Oxford detachment\u201d who sailed to England on the <i>Carmania<\/i>, departing New York for Halifax on September 18, 1917, and departing Halifax as part of a convoy on September 21, 1917. After an uneventful Atlantic crossing the\u00a0<i>Carmania<\/i> docked at Liverpool on October 2, 1917, and the men proceeded not to Italy, but to Oxford, where they repeated ground school at the Royal Flying Corps\u2019s No. 2 School of Military Aeronautics at Oxford University. There is a <a href=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/photos\/group-photos-from-great-britain\/#Four_cadets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">photo<\/a> of him alongside Harold Kidder Bulkley, Donald Elsworth Carlton, and Walter Chalaire, taken apparently in front of the building which served as the dormitory for the majority of the second Oxford detachment men.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1853\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1853\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1853 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Grantham-from-Milnor-album.jpg\" alt=\"A poorly reproduced black and white photo showing a line of men at machine guns receding into the distance, with the caption &quot;Range Grantham, Nov. 1917, Frost at Gun actually firing.&quot;\" width=\"538\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Grantham-from-Milnor-album.jpg 538w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Grantham-from-Milnor-album-300x238.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 538px) 85vw, 538px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1853\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">From p. 3 of Joseph Kirkbride Milnor&#8217;s photo album. For higher quality image, click<a href=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/MilnorAlbum-Page3-Photo7.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> here<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>On November 3, 1917, Frost travelled with most of the detachment to Harrowby Camp near Grantham in Lincolnshire to attend machine gun school. There he shared a hut with four men from his M.I.T. ground school class (Harvard DeHart Castle, Edward Addison Griffiths, Lloyd Andrews Hamilton, and Melville Folsom Webber) as well as Parr Hooper, Edward Russell Moore, and Thomas M. Nial.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote7\" href=\"#WPFootnote7\">7<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Frost was one of the fifty men from the second Oxford detachment chosen in mid-November to leave Grantham for flying schools. On November 19, 1917, he, along with Joseph Kirkbride Milnor, Hamilton, Joseph Ralph Sandford, and Hugh Douglas Stier, set off for No. 14 Training Squadron near Tadcaster in West Yorkshire; a picture of them captioned <a href=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/photos\/group-photos-from-great-britain\/#Cadets_at_Tadcaster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cThe Big Five at Tad\u201d<\/a> is preserved in Milnor\u2019s photo album.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote8\" href=\"#WPFootnote8\">8<\/a>\u00a0 The training planes used at No. 14 were Maurice Farman Shorthorns (\u201cRumpties\u201d). Frost, along with Sandford and Hamilton, was assigned to A flight. Assuming Frost\u2019s progress resembled Milnor\u2019s and Stier\u2019s in C flight, he would have had his first (dual) flight before Thanksgiving and would have flown solo in the first part of December.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote8a\" href=\"#WPFootnote8a\">8a<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5492\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5492\" style=\"width: 648px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5492\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/MilnorAlbum-Page5-Photo5-Frost-cropped-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/MilnorAlbum-Page5-Photo5-Frost-cropped-.jpg 1339w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/MilnorAlbum-Page5-Photo5-Frost-cropped--286x300.jpg 286w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/MilnorAlbum-Page5-Photo5-Frost-cropped--977x1024.jpg 977w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/MilnorAlbum-Page5-Photo5-Frost-cropped--768x805.jpg 768w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/MilnorAlbum-Page5-Photo5-Frost-cropped--1200x1258.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 648px) 85vw, 648px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5492\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frost, with a Maurice Farman S.11 in the background. From Milnor&#8217;s photo album.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In mid-December 1917 Frost was reassigned to No. 81 Squadron (a training squadron, despite its name) at Scampton a few miles north of Lincoln in Lincolnshire. Murton Llewellyn Campbell, who arrived there December 29, 1917, wrote in his diary that day: \u201cFrost is also in the 81<sup>st<\/sup>, been here about two weeks but had no flying as yet.\u201d Nonetheless, and despite winter weather, Frost evidently progressed rapidly. William Ludwig Deetjen, who had gone to flying school at Stamford directly from Oxford, noted in his diary entry for January 18, 1918, that \u201cFrost landed here [Waddington] in an Avro the other day. That is progress and he was at Grantham at that.\u201d If Campbell\u2019s experience is any guide, Frost went on from Avros to Sopwith Pups, and then to Sopwith Camels while at Scampton; his otherwise uninformative R.A.F. service record indicates that he graduated (passed R.F.C. Central Flying School exams and tests) on January 22, 1918.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote9\" href=\"#WPFootnote9\">9<\/a><\/p>\n<p>About a month later Frost was posted to Turnberry in Scotland where there was a school of aerial gunnery; Murton Campbell\u2019s diary entry for February 18, 1918, reads in part: \u201cGot orders this afternoon to go to Turnberry together with Andy and Frosty tomorrow morning.\u201d And for March 2, 1918: \u201cLandis, Frost, Ortmayer and myself together with several R.F.C. men went to Ayr on the 5:01.\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0. We are billeted in Middleton House on the opposite side of town from the airdrome.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote10\" href=\"#WPFootnote10\">10<\/a>\u00a0 Ayr, just up the coast from Turnberry, was the site of an R.F.C. school of aerial fighting where pilots trained on various planes, including Camels.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1854\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1854\" style=\"width: 389px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1854\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Henry-Bradley-from-Ticknors-New-England-Aviators.jpg\" alt=\"A portrait of Frost in uniform with a lieutenant's bar visible on his left shoulder and with his pilot's wings above his left breast pocket.\" width=\"389\" height=\"584\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Henry-Bradley-from-Ticknors-New-England-Aviators.jpg 500w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Henry-Bradley-from-Ticknors-New-England-Aviators-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 389px) 85vw, 389px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1854\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lieutenant Henry Bradley Frost in a studio portrait perhaps taken soon after he received his commission. Reproduced from Ticknor&#8217;s New England Aviators 1914\u20131918, vol. 1, p. 271.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In the meantime, in a cable dated February 14, 1918, Pershing had forwarded to Washington the recommendation that Frost, Murton Campbell, Stier, and Earl William Sweeney be commissioned as first lieutenants; the confirming cable is dated February 21, 1918.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote11\" href=\"#WPFootnote11\">11<\/a>\u00a0 There was always some delay between the confirming cable and when the news trickled down to the man in question, and not until March 3, 1918, does Murton Campbell record in his diary that \u201cthe surprise of my existence came this evening in the form of a commission. I had just about given up hopes of such coming through for some time. Evidently Frosty and I were the first to get our bars in the original Italian detachment.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote12\" href=\"#WPFootnote12\">12<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The entry for April 7, 1918, in\u00a0<i>War Birds<\/i>\u00a0lists Frost as among those \u201cgoing out on Camels to regular British squadrons just as if they were R.F.C. pilots.\u201d Frost apparently left England for No. 2 A.S.D. on April 3, 1918, and then joined No. 210 Squadron R.A.F., a Camel squadron, at Treizennes, about ten miles southeast of Saint Omer, on April 7, 1918.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote13\" href=\"#WPFootnote13\">13<\/a>\u00a0 No. 210 \u201cwas engaged in ground attack duties, helping to stop the German offensive\u201d and in \u201coffensive patrols and bomber escort missions over Belgium\u201d; additionally 210 provided \u201cfighter cover\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0. to monitors off the Belgian coast.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote14\" href=\"#WPFootnote14\">14<\/a>\u00a0 It moved frequently during the time Frost was assigned to it, from Treizennes to Liettres and then to Saint Omer at the end of April and, on May 30, 1918, to Sainte-Marie-Cappel.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote15\" href=\"#WPFootnote15\">15<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1851\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1851\" style=\"width: 394px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1851\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-in-Henshaw.jpg\" alt=\"A printed list of air accidents that occurred May 11, 1918, three of them involving crashes by men from No. 210 Squadron.\" width=\"394\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-in-Henshaw.jpg 697w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-in-Henshaw-300x184.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 394px) 85vw, 394px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1851\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Entries for May 11, 1918, in the &#8220;Accidents Addendum&#8221; of Henshaw&#8217;s The Sky Their Battlefield II. \u00a0Three pilots from 210 crashed in mist or fog that day within a few miles of one another between St. Omer and Bergues. \u00a0Louis Paul Bryant Adalbert d&#8217;Etchegoyen\u2019s injuries were severe, and he died two days later. Eric Stennett Arnold survived, but a casualty card at the Royal Air Force Museum London indicates he spent considerable time in hospital with a fractured skull.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>While the squadron was still at St. Omer, on May 11, 1918, Frost, taking part in a bombing and offensive patrol, crashed a mile east of Esquelbecq in fog; his Camel (D3382) was damaged, and he was \u201cshaken\u201d and sustained a \u201ccontusion wound under left eye. Not serious.\u201d He returned to duty on May 16, 1918.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote16\" href=\"#WPFootnote16\">16<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Three weeks later, on about June 20, 1918, Frost was at Petite Synthe near Dunkirk, assigned to the U.S. 17<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron, a pursuit squadron flying Camels; he was joined by\u00a0fellow second Oxford detachment members Hamilton, Weston Whitney Goodnow, and Murton Campbell.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote17\" href=\"#WPFootnote17\">17<\/a>\u00a0 The 17<sup>th<\/sup>, along with the 148<sup>th<\/sup>, was American in personnel, but stationed on the British Front and under the tactical command of the R.A.F. until late in the war. Frost was appointed deputy commander of C Flight (Hamilton was commander).<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote18\" href=\"#WPFootnote18\">18<\/a>\u00a0 After about three weeks of getting to know their equipment and their territory while working on formation flying (and crossing the lines, despite R.A.F. regulations), the 17<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0flew their first offensive patrol on July 15, 1918; they began escorting DH.9 bombers into German occupied territory on July 20, 1918.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote19\" href=\"#WPFootnote19\">19<\/a>\u00a0 Frost served as commander of C flight on this day, as Hamilton was on leave.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote20\" href=\"#WPFootnote20\">20<\/a><\/p>\n<p>During late July and early August 1918 plans for an attack on the large enemy aerodrome at Varsenare, a few miles west of Bruges, were being made, and the 17<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero joined R.A.F. squadrons in this successful mission on August 13, 1918. In early August, Frost took his allotted two weeks leave from the squadron, and this would account for his name being absent from accounts of the raid.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote21\" href=\"#WPFootnote21\">21<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1866\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1866\" style=\"width: 529px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1866\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Henry-Bradley-bombing-raid-Aug-24-from-Clapp-in-Gorrell.jpg\" alt=\"A typed page listing participants and their activities in a bombing raid by the 17th Aero Squadron on August 24, 1918.\" width=\"529\" height=\"650\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Henry-Bradley-bombing-raid-Aug-24-from-Clapp-in-Gorrell.jpg 2192w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Henry-Bradley-bombing-raid-Aug-24-from-Clapp-in-Gorrell-244x300.jpg 244w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Henry-Bradley-bombing-raid-Aug-24-from-Clapp-in-Gorrell-768x944.jpg 768w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Henry-Bradley-bombing-raid-Aug-24-from-Clapp-in-Gorrell-833x1024.jpg 833w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Henry-Bradley-bombing-raid-Aug-24-from-Clapp-in-Gorrell-1200x1475.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 529px) 85vw, 529px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1866\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">From p. 61 of Clapp&#8217;s A History of the 17th Aero Squadron (typescript in Gorrell E.4).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>On August 17, 1918, the 17<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0moved south from Petite Synthe to Auxi-le-Ch\u00e2teau northwest of Doullens.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote22\" href=\"#WPFootnote22\">22<\/a>\u00a0 As part of the British drive towards Cambrai, they were again to escort R.A.F. bombers, but also to do their own bombing and strafing. On August 24, 1918, Frost participated in the raid during which Hamilton went missing. Frost, flying Camel C141 at about 1500 feet dropped bombs and fired rounds at transport near Qu\u00e9ant (about ten miles west of Cambrai); he went out on a further bombing mission later that day.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote23\" href=\"#WPFootnote23\">23<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Frost was informally appointed commander of C flight to replace Hamilton pending approval from headquarters. On the first sortie the day after Hamilton had gone missing, Samuel Baltz Eckert, the C.O. of the 17th, led the flight; he gave the leadership to Frost when the squadron went over the lines in the evening.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote24\" href=\"#WPFootnote24\">24<\/a><\/p>\n<p>In the afternoon of the next day (August 26, 1918), despite bad weather and strong east winds, and apparently unaware that the Germans had moved in air squadrons to support their troop withdrawal, \u201cthe colonel of the wing took it upon himself to send [planes of the 148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Squadron] out on another ground straffing expedition.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote25\" href=\"#WPFootnote25\">25<\/a>\u00a0 On learning that pilots of the 148<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0had gotten into trouble east of Bapaume, planes from the 17<sup>th<\/sup>, including Camel C141 flown by Frost, went out to assist them and ended up in a trap, severely outnumbered by enemy aircraft. Henshaw records that Frost was \u201cseen in combat with 5 Fokker DVIIs e[ast of] Bapaume over Sh57C.E. 5-30pm.\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0other E[nemy] A[ircraft] then joined fighting.\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote26\" href=\"#WPFootnote26\">26<\/a>\u00a0 Squadron historian Frederick Mortimer Clapp\u2019s operations summary for that day reads: \u201c1<sup>st<\/sup>\u00a0Lieuts. William D. Tipton; Henry B. Frost; 2<sup>nd<\/sup>\u00a0Lieuts. Robert M. Todd; Harry H. Jackson Jr.; Howard P. Bittinger and 1<sup>st<\/sup>\u00a0Lieut. Laurence \u2018missing\u2019 from O[ffensive] P[atrol].\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote27\" href=\"#WPFootnote27\">27<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Tipton, taken prisoner, at some point sent a postcard with sketchy notes of the aftermath of the August 26, 1918, aerial battle, including the notation \u201cFrost, severely wounded.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote28\" href=\"#WPFootnote28\">28<\/a>\u00a0 For a time it was thought that Frost was a prisoner of war, and he was reported as such.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote29\" href=\"#WPFootnote29\">29<\/a>\u00a0 Eventually, however, his death was confirmed. According to his fellow pilot, Robert Miles Todd, who had been taken prisoner, Frost succumbed to injuries the evening of the 26<sup>th<\/sup>.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote30\" href=\"#WPFootnote30\">30<\/a>\u00a0 Todd\u2019s account is corroborated by information that Frederick W. Zinn, who devoted much effort to locating missing airman, was able to discover in an official German record. In a memo dated April 19, 1919, Zinn passed on a translation of the record to Frost\u2019s sister Josephine Clifford Frost. \u201cLt. Engl. Aviator (American) died August 26, \u201918 at the main dressing-station in Boursiers [<i>sic<\/i>; sc. Boursies], fracture of left &amp; right lower thigh, hemorrhage left side, wound on the left cheek &amp; left eye and hurt internally. Buried at Boursiers [<em>sic<\/em>]in the Military cemetery (on the road Cambrai-Bapaume) single grave No. 158.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote31\" href=\"#WPFootnote31\">31<\/a><\/p>\n<p>An R.A.F. casualty card for Frost has a note (undated) indicating that Frost\u2019s remains were removed from the Boursies Communal Cemetery, German Extension, and reburied in the Achiet-le-Grand Communal Cemetery Extension (Achiet-le-Grand is about eleven miles due south of Arras).<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote32\" href=\"#WPFootnote32\">32<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1852\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1852\" style=\"width: 757px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1852\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Henry-Bradley-casualty-card-high-res-front.jpg\" alt=\"A printed form with handwritten notes in various hands, including, at the bottom, information on Frost's burial and reburial.\" width=\"757\" height=\"511\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Henry-Bradley-casualty-card-high-res-front.jpg 1791w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Henry-Bradley-casualty-card-high-res-front-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Henry-Bradley-casualty-card-high-res-front-768x519.jpg 768w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Henry-Bradley-casualty-card-high-res-front-1024x692.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Frost-Henry-Bradley-casualty-card-high-res-front-1200x811.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 757px) 85vw, 757px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1852\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The front of Frost&#8217;s casualty card; the back is blank. The designation \u201cColonial\u201d appears not infrequently on the cards of men from the U.S. \u00a0From the Royal Air Force Museum London (the other side is blank).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In 1920 Josephine Frost travelled to Europe to visit her brother\u2019s grave.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote33\" href=\"#WPFootnote33\">33<\/a>\u00a0 In 1921, his body was brought home and he was reburied in the family plot in Mt. Pleasant Cemetery in Arlington, Massachusetts.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote34\" href=\"#WPFootnote34\">34<\/a>\u00a0 He was an only son; neither of his sisters married, so he was the last of his line.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote35\" href=\"#WPFootnote35\">35<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>mrsmcq July 13, 2017<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote\">\n<h3>Notes<\/h3>\n<p>(For complete bibliographic entries, please consult the list of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/works-and-web-pages-cited-in-notes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">works and web pages cited<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote1\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote1\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0For his place and date of birth, see\u00a0<i>U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918<\/i>, record for Henry Bradley Frost. The photo is a detail from a photo taken by Parr Hooper at Grantham in November 1917. The <a href=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/w2016\/images\/wrap-03-04.xhtml\">full photo<\/a> appears after Chapter 3 of Hooper,\u00a0<i>Somewhere in France<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote2\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote2\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Information about Frost\u2019s ancestry comes from records available at Ancestry.com; on the Bradleys, see Bradley,\u00a0<i>Descendants of Isaac Bradley<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote3\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote3\"><strong>3<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See Ancestry.com,\u00a0<i>1910 United States Federal Census<\/i>, record for Frank C Frost.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote4\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote4\"><strong>4<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0On Frost\u2019s education, see \u201cCollege News,\u201d pp. 238\u20139. On his travel, see Ancestry.com,\u00a0<i>UK, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878-1960<\/i>, record for Henry B Frost, and Ancestry.com,\u00a0<i>Book Indexes to Boston Passenger Lists, 1899-1940<\/i>, record for Mr Henry Bradley Frost. For his thesis, see [Civil engineering theses, 1915].<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote5\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote5\"><strong>5<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See p. 81 of the \u201cNecrology\u201d in\u00a0<i>Annual for 1919 of the Thayer School<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote6\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote6\"><strong>6<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u201cGround School Graduations [for August 25, 1917].\u201d I do not find him in the <a href=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/photos\/ground-school-photos\/#M.I.T._School\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">squadron photo<\/a> kept by Payden, and he is not among those who signed the back.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote7\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote7\"><strong>7<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See commentary to Hooper\u2019s letter of November 4, 1917, in Hooper,\u00a0<i>Somewhere in France<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote8\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote8\"><strong>8<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Foss, Diary, entry for November 15, 1917; Hooper,\u00a0<i>Somewhere in France<\/i>, letter of November 14, 1917.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote8a\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote8a\"><strong>8a<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 Milnor, diary entries for November 22 through December 11, 1918.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote9\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote9\"><strong>9<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See The National Archives (United Kingdom),\u00a0<i>Royal Air Force officers&#8217; service records 1918-1919<\/i>, record for H. B. Frost.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote10\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote10\"><strong>10<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0The other men Campbell mentions are Andrew (\u201cAndy\u201d) Carl Ortmayer, an American lieutenant who was serving as an instructor, and Reed Gresham Landis of the first Oxford detachment. A photo that presumably originally belonged to Campbell and is reproduced on p. 75 of Reed and Roland\u2019s\u00a0<i>Camel Drivers<\/i>, perhaps commemorates this period: it includes Campbell, Frost, and Landis, as well as \u201cAndy from Chicago,\u201d who is presumably Ortmayer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote11\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote11\"><strong>11<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Cablegrams 602-S and 821-R.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote12\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote12\"><strong>12<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 The cable (813-R) confirming the appointments of Leach, Middleditch, Pudrith, and Stahl is dated February 20, 1918, but they (and Stier &amp; Sweeney) may not have received word and been sworn in until after Frost and Campbell. Or Campbell may not have been aware of their status, as they were apparently training elsewhere.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote13\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote13\"><strong>13<\/strong><\/a> \u00a0Dates are taken from Leslie C. Bradley\u2019s post at \u201c[WW1] WW1 Aviation Question by \u2018Leslie C &amp; Maria C Bradley\u2019\u201d; Bradley presumably had original documents related to Frost\u2019s military service. (The information is now corroborated by Frost\u2019s casualty form: see \u201cLieut. Henry Bradley Frost USAS\u201d.) \u00a0Clapp, <i>A History of the 17<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron<\/i>, p. 16, indicates Frost had been with No. 209, but this is probably a slip of the pen. Bradley has indicated (private communication) that Frost was with 210, and this is corroborated by Skelton, \u201cFrank A. Dixon and the 17<sup>th<\/sup>Aero Squ.,\u201d p. 158. On the (confusing and changing) location of No. 2 A.S.D. (Aeroplane Supply Depot), see mickdavis\u2019s August 29, 2006, contribution to \u201cLieutenant Allen Denison\u201d and Dye, <em>The Bridge to Airpower<\/em>, p. 179.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote14\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote14\"><strong>14<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u201c210 Squadron.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote15\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote15\"><strong>15<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Philpott,\u00a0<i>The Birth of the Royal Air Force<\/i>, p. 435.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote16\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote16\"><strong>16<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Information on the accident is taken from the relevant entry in the \u201cAccidents Addendum\u201d in Henshaw,\u00a0<i>The Sky Their Battlefield II<\/i>, and from a medical card for Lt. H. B. Frost, a copy of which Leslie C. Bradley obtained from the Royal Air Force Museum in London; I am grateful to Bradley for a scan of his copy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote17\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote17\"><strong>17<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Campbell\u2019s diary entry for June 20, 1918, indicates that he found Frost already there when he (Campbell) arrived that day; Clapp,\u00a0<i>A History of the 17<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron<\/i>, p. 155, has Frost, Campbell, and others assigned to the 17<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0the next day. Munsell, \u201cAir Service History,\u201d p. 188 and 193 (3 and 8), lists them as assigned on June 20, 1918.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote18\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote18\"><strong>18<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Reed and Roland,\u00a0<i>Camel Drivers<\/i>, p. 29.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote19\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote19\"><strong>19<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See Clapp,\u00a0<i>A History of the 17<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron<\/i>, p. 24; Reed and Roland,\u00a0<i>Camel Drivers,<\/i>\u00a0pp. 35 and 40.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote20\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote20\"><strong>20<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Reed and Roland,\u00a0<i>Camel Drivers,<\/i>\u00a0p. 40; on the 17th\u2019s early activities generally, see pp. 35\u201340.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote21\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote21\"><strong>21<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Regarding Frost\u2019s leave, see Reed and Roland,\u00a0<i>Camel Drivers<\/i>, pp. 45 and 66 (where he is listed as on leave on August 20, 1918). The biography of Frost in Ticknor,\u00a0<i>New England Aviators 1914\u20131918<\/i>\u00a0(vol. 1, p. 270) gives August 3, 1918, as the start date for his \u201ctwo weeks\u2019 furlough.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote22\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote22\"><strong>22<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See Murton Campbell\u2019s diary entry for August 17, 1918, for the date of the move, which is unclear from other sources (Clapp\u00a0<i>A History of the 17<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron<\/i>, p. 37; Reed and Roland,\u00a0<i>Camel Drivers<\/i>, p. 64).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote23\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote23\"><strong>23<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Clapp,\u00a0<i>A History of the 17<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron<\/i>, reproduces the bombing report on p. 103; see Reed and Roland,\u00a0<i>Camel Drivers<\/i>, p. 77, regarding Frost\u2019s second patrol of that day.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote24\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote24\"><strong>24<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See Reed and Roland,\u00a0<i>Camel Drivers<\/i>, pp. 77 and 79.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote25\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote25\"><strong>25<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Clements, diary entry for August 26, 1918. See Reed and Roland,\u00a0<i>Camel Drivers<\/i>, p. 80, on the German squadrons moved towards this part of the front.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote26\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote26\"><strong>26<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Henshaw,\u00a0<i>The Sky Their Battlefield II<\/i>. \u201cSh57C.E\u201d is a map reference that puts the combat in the general vicinity of Moeuvres, about nine miles east northeast of Bapaume. On understanding such map references, see Fetubi\u2019s post of December 22, 2015, at \u201cBoswell A.T.W and Gundill R.P. crashed and missing.\u201d Franks, Bailey, and Duiven,\u00a0<i>The Jasta War Chronology<\/i>, p. 233, indicate that H. Frommherz was responsible for shooting down Frost.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote27\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote27\"><strong>27<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Clapp,\u00a0<i>A History of the 17<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron<\/i>, p. 158.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote28\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote28\"><strong>28<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Clapp,\u00a0<i>A History of the 17<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Aero Squadron<\/i>, p. 75.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote29\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote29\"><strong>29<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See \u201cPrisoner in Germany.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote30\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote30\"><strong>30<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See Reed &amp; Roland,<i>\u00a0Camel Drivers<\/i>, p. 82; they cite a letter dated November 26, 1918, that Todd wrote to his mother, Lilles H. Todd.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote31\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote31\"><strong>31<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Zinn, Memo, p. 1.\u00a0\u00a0Sloan, <em>Wings of Honor<\/em>, p. 203, is almost certainly incorrect when he states that Frost \u201ccame down inside British lines.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote32\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote32\"><strong>32<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See \u201cFrost, H.B.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote33\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote33\"><strong>33<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Ancestry.com,\u00a0<i>U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925<\/i>, record for Josephine Clifford Frost.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote34\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote34\"><strong>34<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u201cWar Hero\u2019s Funeral.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote35\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote35\"><strong>35<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0This information is based on records available at Ancestry.com.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Arlington, Massachusetts, August 8, 1892 \u2013 August 26, 1918, near Bapaume).1 Henry Bradley Frost was from a family with deep roots in Massachusetts and New England. An ancestor, Edmond Frost, was among the early Puritan settlers in Massachusetts, having emigrated in 1635; on Frost\u2019s mother\u2019s side, the Bradleys can be traced back to an Isaac &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/the-biographies\/henry-bradley-frost\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Henry Bradley Frost&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1834,"parent":30,"menu_order":44,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1808","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1808","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1808"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1808\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8298,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1808\/revisions\/8298"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1834"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}