{"id":5826,"date":"2020-09-24T16:48:17","date_gmt":"2020-09-24T22:48:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/?page_id=5826"},"modified":"2023-03-19T09:25:50","modified_gmt":"2023-03-19T15:25:50","slug":"finley-austin-morrison","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/the-biographies\/finley-austin-morrison\/","title":{"rendered":"Finley Austin Morrison"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"WPMainDoc\">\n<p>\u00a0(Iron River, Michigan, March 11, 1893 \u2013 November 7, 1966, Milwaukee, Wisconsin).<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote1\" href=\"#WPFootnote1\">1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"Top\"><\/a><a href=\"#Oxford\">Oxford and Grantham<\/a>\u00a0 \u272f\u00a0 <a href=\"#Thetford\">Thetford, London Colney, Shoreham<\/a>\u00a0 \u272f\u00a0 <a href=\"#France\">France<\/a>\u00a0 \u272f\u00a0 <a href=\"#London\">London and home<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Both of Morrison\u2019s parents were from New Brunswick, Canada; his grandfather Morrison had arrived in Canada from Perthshire, Scotland, as a small boy. Morrison\u2019s mother, born Clara Olive Waters, was descended from a Loyalist from New Jersey who, along with his wife, a sister of John Jacob Astor, relocated to Canada in 1783. Morrison\u2019s father, Finlay A. Morrison, and mother apparently came independently from New Brunswick to the U.S. They married and settled in Iron River on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan where Finlay A. Morrison established the Morrison Mercantile Company. There were five children, three boys and two girls; Finley Austin Morrison was the middle child.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote2\" href=\"#WPFootnote2\">2<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5837\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5837\" style=\"width: 330px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5837\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-draft-registration-front-408x500.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"330\" height=\"404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-draft-registration-front-408x500.jpg 408w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-draft-registration-front-836x1024.jpg 836w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-draft-registration-front-768x941.jpg 768w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-draft-registration-front.jpg 1130w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 330px) 85vw, 330px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5837\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The front of Morrison&#8217;s draft registration card.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Morrison attended the Shattuck Military School in Faribault, Minnesota, from about 1910 to about 1912 and then went on to the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, graduating in 1916.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote3\" href=\"#WPFootnote3\">3<\/a> When he registered for the draft in June 1917 he was living in Brockport, New York, and working as a cost accountant for the Moore Shafer Shoe Company.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote4\" href=\"#WPFootnote4\">4<\/a> He enlisted in the reserve corps at Buffalo, N.Y., on July 7, 1917, and went on to attend ground school at Cornell\u2019s School of Military Aeronautics in the class that graduated September 1, 1917.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote5\" href=\"#WPFootnote5\">5<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Most of the eighteen men from Morrison\u2019s ground school class chose or were chosen to continue their training in Italy and were thus among the 150 men of the \u201cItalian\u201d or \u201csecond Oxford detachment\u201d who sailed from New York for Europe on September 18, 1917, on the\u00a0<i>Carmania<\/i>. After a brief stopover at Halifax the\u00a0<i>Carmania<\/i>\u00a0joined a convoy for the voyage across the Atlantic. The men sailed first class and enjoyed some leisure, including concerts featuring the violinist Albert Spalding, who was on board. They also had Italian lessons, conducted by Fiorello La Guardia, and, once they entered dangerous waters, they took turns at submarine watch.<\/p>\n<h6><a id=\"Oxford\"><\/a><a href=\"#Top\">Oxford and Grantham<\/a><\/h6>\n<p>When the ship docked at Liverpool on October 2, 1917, the detachment members learned that they were not to go to Italy, but to remain in England for their training. They travelled by train to Oxford, where they attended ground school (again) at the Royal Flying Corps\u2019s No. 2 School of Military Aeronautics.<\/p>\n<p>In early November twenty men were selected by Elliott White Springs, who was in charge of the cadets (as they were now called), to begin flight training at Stamford. Places at training squadrons were in short supply, so the remaining men, including Morrison, were ordered to a machine gun school, Harrowby Camp, near Grantham in Lincolnshire. When not doing course work or practicing on the range, the men explored the countryside and nearby towns. An entry in\u00a0<i>War Birds<\/i> for November 12, 1917, recalls that \u201cWell, the old man is himself again. [John Hurtman] Jack Fulford, Cal [Laurence Kingsley Callahan], Morrison, [John Warren] Leach and I went to Nottingham over the week-end. We didn&#8217;t get very drunk.\u201d And, at no small expense, the men were obliged to outfit themselves in a manner that satisfied their American and British superiors: \u201cMorrison came in to-night with a beautiful bun and a new pair of boots. They were tight too and it took four of us to pull them off.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote6\" href=\"#WPFootnote6\">6<\/a><\/p>\n<h6><a id=\"Thetford\"><\/a><a href=\"#Top\">Thetford, London Colney, Shoreham<\/a><\/h6>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5838\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5838\" style=\"width: 277px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5838\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Foss-diary-Thetford-1-379x500.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"277\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Foss-diary-Thetford-1-379x500.jpg 379w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Foss-diary-Thetford-1-775x1024.jpg 775w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Foss-diary-Thetford-1-768x1014.jpg 768w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Foss-diary-Thetford-1.jpg 1016w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 277px) 85vw, 277px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5838\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The men posted to Thetford, as recorded by Fremont Cutler Foss in his diary.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In mid-November it was announced that there were fifty places at training squadrons, and Morrison was among those selected to fill them. He and nine others were assigned to Thetford in Norfolk<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote7\" href=\"#WPFootnote7\">.7<\/a> Five went to No. 12 Training Squadron, and five\u2014Morrison, Eugene Hoy Barksdale, Alexander Miguel Roberts, Glenn Dickenson Wicks, and Jesse Frank Campbell\u2014to No. 25 T.S. According to Barksdale, he, Morrison, Roberts, and Wicks roomed together at Thetford.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote8\" href=\"#WPFootnote8\">8<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The training plane used at No. 25 T.S. was the Maurice Farman S.11, nicknamed \u201cRumpty\u201d or \u201cRumpety,\u201d a \u201cpusher,\u201d i.e., with the propeller behind the cockpit.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote9\" href=\"#WPFootnote9\">9<\/a> Winter wind, rain, and snow meant there were many days with no flying, but Barksdale was able to make a first flight on November 30, 1917, and Morrison presumably began flying at around the same time, initially dual, but, assuming his training proceeded along the same lines as Barksdale\u2019s and Jesse Campbell\u2019s, solo before Christmas.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote10\" href=\"#WPFootnote10\">10<\/a> On December 19, 1917, Morrison joined Campbell in an outing to Norwich, where they \u201chad dinner at The Royal with Lt. Col G[eorge] H[addon] Bower and his wife.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote11\" href=\"#WPFootnote11\">11<\/a>\u00a0Campbell does not indicate how it came about that they dined with an officer of the Black Watch (Royal Highlanders), who invited him and Morrison to visit; Campbell, and presumably Morrison, was impressed that Bower\u2019s wife was the sister of Mary Garden, a well-known operatic soprano.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5840\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5840\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-5840\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-in-JFC-diary-1-and-2-1024x381.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"313\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-in-JFC-diary-1-and-2-1024x381.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-in-JFC-diary-1-and-2-500x186.jpg 500w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-in-JFC-diary-1-and-2-768x286.jpg 768w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-in-JFC-diary-1-and-2.jpg 1183w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5840\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">From Jesse Campbell&#8217;s diary.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>From Thetford, Morrison was posted to London Colney and No. 74 T.S. The date of his posting is uncertain, but, if his course continued to resemble Barksdale\u2019s and Jesse Campbell\u2019s, it was before the turn of the year.\u00a0 James Ira Thomas Jones (\u201cTaffy\u201d Jones) was there and recalled the influx of Americans: \u201cOur school was lucky enough to get such grand types as Ken [<i>sic<\/i>] Curtis . . . Fred Stillman, Alexander Roberts, Clarence Fry, H. G. Shoemaker, C. Matthiessen, W. V. [<i>sic<\/i>] Wait and A. F. Morrison.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote12\" href=\"#WPFootnote12\">12<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The London Colney aerodrome and accommodations were in general primitive, but some of the American cadets were lodged at the Red Lion in nearby Radlett where, as Marvin Kent Curtis wrote his sister, they were \u201cmore comfortably settled than at any other place I have been in the R.F.C. . . . I am rooming with five other Americans who came over with me, Fry of Columbia, Tenn., Fred Stillman, Matthiessen and Wicks\u2014all Yale men, and Austin Morrison of Iron River, Mich.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote13\" href=\"#WPFootnote13\">13<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5842\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5842\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-5842\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-in-Curtiss-letter-1024x296.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-in-Curtiss-letter-1024x296.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-in-Curtiss-letter-500x145.jpg 500w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-in-Curtiss-letter-768x222.jpg 768w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-in-Curtiss-letter.jpg 1085w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5842\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">From Curtis&#8217;s letter of January 19, 1918.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>At 74 T.S. Morrison would have trained on Avros, again initially dual and then solo. By mid-February he was ready to do the requisite cross country flight which typically consisted of flying south via Northolt to Hounslow and back.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote14\" href=\"#WPFootnote14\">14<\/a> Jesse Campbell noted in his diary on February 17, 1918, that \u201cMorrison, Matheson [<em>sic<\/em>], and Roberts did their cross country this afternoon and came back in fog.\u201d Presumably not long after this Morrison moved on to training on Sopwith Pups and completed the other <a href=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/photos\/other-photos\/#Graduation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">requirements<\/a> to graduate from this stage of R.F.C. training.\u00a0 On March 8, 1918, he, along with Matthiessen and Roberts,\u00a0moved to No. 56 T.S., across the field at London Colney from No. 74.\u00a0 No. 74 became an operational squadron preparing to go to France in early March, and the Americans in training were reassigned.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7985\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7985\" style=\"width: 679px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7985\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/74-Squadron-Orderly-room-record-book-March-8-1918-Roberts-detail.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"679\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/74-Squadron-Orderly-room-record-book-March-8-1918-Roberts-detail.jpg 679w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/74-Squadron-Orderly-room-record-book-March-8-1918-Roberts-detail-500x203.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 679px) 85vw, 679px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7985\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">From the 74 Squadron Orderly Room record book.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>On March 6, 1918, Pershing forwarded the recommendation for Morrison\u2019s commission to Washington; approval came back on March 17, 1918, and Morrison was placed on active duty on March 29, 1918.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote15\" href=\"#WPFootnote15\">15<\/a> \u00a0It appears that he was then at Shoreham-by-the-Sea.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote15a\" href=\"#WPFootnote15a\">15a<\/a> \u00a0Morrison&#8217;s fellow second Oxford detachment member George Augustus Vaughn was posted there at about the same time.\u00a0 In a letter home, Vaughn wrote that \u201cI don&#8217;t know yet why I am here, so I am just wandering around until I can find out from Headquarters.\u00a0 I was expecting to go to Scotland . . . I expect my stay will be very short. . . .\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote15b\" href=\"#WPFootnote15b\">15b<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0And, indeed, Vaughn proceeded almost immediately to Ayr.\u00a0 This would seem to make sense, given that the\u00a0 training squadron at Shoreham (No. 3) is described as intended for training\u00a0 \u201cpilots from scratch\u201dand thus no longer relevant for Vaughn or Morrison.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote15c\" href=\"#WPFootnote15c\">15c<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0And yet the planes at Shoreham included Pups, Camels, and S.E.5s, suggesting that Morrison could have put in useful time there.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote15d\" href=\"#WPFootnote15d\">15d<\/a>\u00a0 Morrison&#8217;s friendship with a Shoreham family (about whom more below) certainly suggests a prolonged stay.\u00a0 Whether he, like Vaughn and others, eventually went on to either Ayr or Marske for advanced training is not evident from the sources available to me.<\/p>\n<h6><a id=\"France\"><\/a><a href=\"#Top\">France<\/a><\/h6>\n<p>In early July 1918 Morrison was posted overseas. His casualty form, a record of active service postings, puts him at \u201cNo. 2 ASD\u201d on July 8, 1918, i.e., at the pilots pool at Rang du Fliers, near Boulogne, part of the No. 2 Aeroplane Supply Depot.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote16\" href=\"#WPFootnote16\">16<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Matthiessen had arrived the preceding day.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote17\" href=\"#WPFootnote17\">17<\/a> Like many others, they had to kick up their heels there for a while, but eventually, on July 21, 1918, they were assigned to No. 74 Squadron R.A.F.\u2014which meant they were back with many of the men they had trained with at London Colney.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote18\" href=\"#WPFootnote18\">18<\/a>\u00a0(Their fellow second Oxford detachment member, Roberts, had also been with No. 74, but had two days previously been shot down and made a prisoner of war.)<\/p>\n<p>No. 74 Squadron flew S.E.5a\u2019s and was stationed from April through September 1918 at Clairmarais near St. Omer, initially at Clairmarais Nord and then, from early August at the newer aerodrome, Clairmarais Sud, about a mile away.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote19\" href=\"#WPFootnote19\">19<\/a> The squadron, commanded by Keith Logan Caldwell (\u201cGrid\u201d Caldwell), was part of the 11th (Army) Wing, II Brigade, attached to General Sir Herbert Plumer\u2019s Second Army; the Second Army front ran approximately from Houthulst Forest ten miles south to Ypres and from Ypres twenty miles southwest to Nieppe Forest.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote20\" href=\"#WPFootnote20\">20<\/a><\/p>\n<p>From the Clairmarais aerodromes the pilots of No. 74 Squadron flew line and offensive patrols, as well as, occasionally, escort, ground strafing, and wireless interception missions, all the while seeking to put enemy reconnaissance planes out of commission and to eliminate enemy scouts flying over and east of the Second Army front north and south of Ypres\u2014all this is apparent from the account of No. 74 Squadron provided by Ira Jones in his\u00a0<i>Tiger Squadron<\/i>. As with a number of other squadrons, the squadron record book and other relevant original documents appear not to have survived, and I can thus not provide details of Morrison\u2019s activities before August 7, 1918. Jones in his account of that day reports that \u201cMorrison crashed and hurt himself on the aerodrome. He\u2019s gone to hospital.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote21\" href=\"#WPFootnote21\">21<\/a><\/p>\n<p>There appears to be no incident casualty card for this crash, but according to other records, Morrrison was flying S.E.5a C9585 on an offensive patrol when the engine failed, forcing him to crash land near the aerodrome.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote22\" href=\"#WPFootnote22\">22<\/a> His initial hospitalization was perhaps at a facility near Clairmarais; his casualty form, as well as a personal casualty card for him, indicates that he was admitted \u201cN.Y.D.\u201d (not yet diagnosed) to No. 14 General Hospital at Wimereux near Boulogne on August 16, 1918.\u00a0 The casualty form indicates he was then discharged to No. 1 A.S.D. at Marquise on August 22, 1918, and from there was sent back to England on August 28, 1918.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote23\" href=\"#WPFootnote23\">23<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5843\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5843\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-5843\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-casualty-form-cropped-1024x654.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-casualty-form-cropped-1024x654.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-casualty-form-cropped-500x319.jpg 500w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-casualty-form-cropped-768x490.jpg 768w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-casualty-form-cropped-1536x980.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-casualty-form-cropped-2048x1307.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-casualty-form-cropped-1200x766.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5843\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morrison&#8217;s casualty form.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h6><a id=\"London\"><\/a><a href=\"#Top\">London and home<\/a><\/h6>\n<p>That same day, August 28, 1918, Morrison\u2019s fellow second Oxford detachment member Joseph Kirkbride Milnor, working at American Aviation H.Q. at 35 Eaton Place in London, wrote in his diary that \u201cMorrison came in. He is back from France and has had to wash out flying. He has had a talk with Capt. [P. L.] Foster and is going to be under him\u201d (Foster was aviation purchasing officer at H.Q.).<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote24\" href=\"#WPFootnote24\">24<\/a> \u201cWe are going to try and get an apartment together.\u201d They succeeded, finding a flat apparently on Ebury Street in Belgravia not far from 35 Eaton Place: \u201cIt is a peach. Wonderfully furnished, a phone etc and four big rooms.\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0. Morry is going to move in on Sunday as he is now at a hotel.\u201d<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote25\" href=\"#WPFootnote25\">25<\/a> Complications arose, but they were able to move in in mid-September 1918, and they continued to share these rooms until the end of the war.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote26\" href=\"#WPFootnote26\">26<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Milnor provides few details about Morrison\u2019s work at H.Q., but often notes when they dined out together and with whom: with Milnor\u2019s boss Geoffrey James Dwyer, with Matthiessen and his friend Frederic Ernest Luff (\u201cFreddy\u201d), who had also been in No. 74 Squadron, and with unnamed American nurses, one of whom was from Morrison\u2019s home town.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote27\" href=\"#WPFootnote27\">27<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Morrison, and Milnor, also spent a good deal of time with Morton Lewis Cook and his wife Kate Cook, n\u00e9e Stancombe, who resided in Shoreham and operated a factory that made jam, marmalade, and chutney. Milnor refers to Mr. and Mrs. Cook as Morrison\u2019s \u201cadopted\u201d parents.\u00a0 Immediately after moving into the flat on Ebury Street, Morrison spent the weekend with the Cooks, and he took Milnor with him when he went to Shoreham again the first weekend of October. At \u201cCampsie,\u201d the Cooks\u2019 home, the two men slept late, played bridge, and enjoyed the rather sumptuous home cooking\u2014Mrs. Cook excelled in domestic skills, very much living up to her married name. \u201cMa\u201d and \u201cPa\u201d Cook came up to London the following week and, after trying in vain for rooms at several hotels, ended up staying with Morrison and Milnor\u2014and procuring theater tickets for them three evenings in a row: \u201cChu-Chin-Chow,\u201d \u201cBy Pigeon Post,\u201d and \u201cRoxana.\u201d Milnor and Morrison each visited the Cooks again separately. Morrison went down to Shoreham on November 8, 1918, arriving back at the London flat on the 10<sup>th<\/sup>. Milnor had just heard the news that the Kaiser had abdicated.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote28\" href=\"#WPFootnote28\">28<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5844\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5844\" style=\"width: 383px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5844\" src=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-content\/uploads\/Morrison-in-Milnor-diary.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"383\" height=\"175\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5844\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">From Milnor&#8217;s diary entry for November 4, 1918.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The trip to Shoreham and the end of the war were shadowed for Morrison by news he received on November 4, 1918.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote29\" href=\"#WPFootnote29\">29<\/a> His older brother Joel Royden Morrison, a soldier at Camp Taylor in Louisville, Kentucky, had died of influenza on October 21, 1918.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote30\" href=\"#WPFootnote30\">30<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Morrison was able to return to the U.S. in December 1918, travelling in the same \u201ccasual officers\u201d group on the\u00a0<i>Celtic<\/i> as Paul Stuart Winslow of the first Oxford detachment and John Owen Donaldson, who, with second Oxford detachment member Robert Alexander Anderson, had managed to escape from a P.O.W. camp; Clarence Bernard Maloney, also of the second Oxford detachment, was on board as well.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote31\" href=\"#WPFootnote31\">31<\/a><\/p>\n<p>After the war Morrison was employed in various businesses and moved about a good deal. He worked in Tokyo and Korea after World War II and in 1953 was awarded the Medal of Freedom by President Truman for his work in Korea.<a id=\"LinkTo_WPFootnote32\" href=\"#WPFootnote32\">32<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>mrsmcq September 24, 2020; revised October 26, 2022, to reflect new information on Shoreham<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote\">\n<h3>Notes<\/h3>\n<p>(For complete bibliographic entries, please consult the list of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/works-and-web-pages-cited-in-notes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">works and web pages cited<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote1\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote1\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Morrison\u2019s place and date of birth are taken from Ancestry.com,\u00a0<i>U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917\u20131918<\/i>, record for Fauley [<i>sic<\/i>] Austin Morrison. His place and date of death are taken from \u201cFather of Local Resident Dies.\u201d In some documents, Morrison appears as Austin Finley Morrison. The photo is taken from p. 107 of\u00a0<i>Michiganensian 1916<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote2\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote2\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0On Morrison\u2019s family, see records available at Ancestry.com and Sawyer,<i>\u00a0A History of the Northern Peninsula of Michigan and its People<\/i>, vol. 2, pp. 963\u201364. Morrison\u2019s father\u2019s first name is generally given as \u201cFinlay,\u201d while Morrison is usually \u201cFinley.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote3\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote3\"><strong>3<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See Morrison\u2019s draft registration, cited above, and\u00a0<i>Michiganensian 1916<\/i>, p 107.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote4\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote4\"><strong>4<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See Morrison\u2019s draft registration, cited above.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote5\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote5\"><strong>5<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See Ancestry.com,\u00a0<i>New York, Abstracts of World War I Military Service, 1917\u20131919<\/i>, record for Austin Finley Morrison, and \u201cGround School Graduations [for September 1, 1917].\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote6\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote6\"><strong>6<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<i>War Birds<\/i>, November 9, 1917.\u00a0 \u201cbun,\u201d i.e., inebriated.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote7\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote7\"><strong>7<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Foss, diary entry for November 15, 1917.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote8\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote8\"><strong>8<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Barksdale, diary entry for November 18, 1917 [<i>sic<\/i>; sc. November 19, 1918?].<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote9\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote9\"><strong>9<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Jesse Campbell, diary entry for November 20, 1917.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote10\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote10\"><strong>10<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Barksdale\u2019s and Jesse Campbell\u2019s diaries,\u00a0<i>passim<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote11\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote11\"><strong>11<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Jesse Campbell, diary entry for December 19, 1917.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote12\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote12\"><strong>12<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Ira Jones,\u00a0<i>Tiger Squadron<\/i>, p. 60<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote13\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote13\"><strong>13<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Curtis, letter of January 19, 1918.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote14\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote14\"><strong>14<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Ira Jones,\u00a0<i>Tiger Squadron<\/i>, p. 61.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote15\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote15\"><strong>15<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Cablegrams 691-S and 936-R; McAndrew, \u201cSpecial Orders No. 205,\u201d where for \u201cMorrison, A. E.\u201d read \u201cMorrison, A. F.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote15a\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote15a\"><strong>15a<\/strong><\/a> See Biddle, Special Orders No. 35, where Morrison is described as being placed on active duty at Shoreham on April 29, 1918, which is almost certainly an error and should be March 29, 1918.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote15b\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote15b\"><strong>15b<\/strong><\/a> \u00a0Vaughn, <em>War Flying in France<\/em>, letter of March 31, 1918.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote15c\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote15c\"><strong>15c<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 Philpott,\u00a0<em>The Birth of the Royal Air Force<\/em>, p. 251.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote15d\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote15d\"><strong>15d<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 See Sturtivant, Hamlin, and Halley,\u00a0<em>Royal Air Force Flying Training and Support Units<\/em>, p. 297; also pictures of planes at No. 3 T.S. on pp. 36-37 of Doyle, \u201cWar Birds Pictorial\u201d; and recall that Roy Olin Garver was flying a Camel out of Shoreham when he was killed at the end of January 1918.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote16\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote16\"><strong>16<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See \u201cLieut. A F Morrison USAS.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote17\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote17\"><strong>17<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See \u201cLieut. C H Matthiessen.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote18\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote18\"><strong>18<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0See \u201cLieut. A F Morrison USAS\u201d and \u201cLieut. C H Matthiessen.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote19\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote19\"><strong>19<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0On the sites of the World War I Clairmarais aerodromes, see O\u2019Connor,<i>\u00a0Airfields and Airmen of the Channel Coast<\/i>, Chapter 3, and \u201cA\u00e9rodromes britanniques situ\u00e9s dans le Pays de Saint-Omer.\u201d From these sources it appears that the aerodromes were about three and a half miles east of the village of Clairmarais, on the eastern edge of the For\u00eat de Clairmarais.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote20\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote20\"><strong>20<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0This is the description of the Second Army front in the late spring and summer of 1918 provided by Blanford, \u201cSans Escort,\u201d part 1, p. 147.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote21\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote21\"><strong>21<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Ira Jones,\u00a0<i>Tiger Squadron<\/i>, p. 165.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote22\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote22\"><strong>22<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Henshaw,\u00a0<i>The Sky Their Battlefield II<\/i>, and Pentland, <i>Royal Flying Corps<\/i>.\u00a0 Henshaw and Pentland base their accounts on entries in documents in The National Archives (UK): Pilot and observer casualties: R.F.C. France, and Reports on aeroplane and personnel casualties.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote23\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote23\"><strong>23<\/strong><\/a> For the casualty form, see \u201cLieut. A F Morrison USAS\u201d; for the casualty card, see \u201cMorrison, A.F.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote24\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote24\"><strong>24<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0On Foster\u2019s position, see \u201c<i>A History of the Air Service in Great Britain,<\/i>\u201d p. 209. I have not been able to identify Foster further, beyond his initials.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote25\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote25\"><strong>25<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Milnor, diary entry for August 30, 1918.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote26\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote26\"><strong>26<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Milnor, diary entry for September 15, 1918.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote27\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote27\"><strong>27<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Milnor, diary,\u00a0<i>passim<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote28\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote28\"><strong>28<\/strong><\/a> \u00a0Milnor, diary,\u00a0<i>passim<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote29\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote29\"><strong>29<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Milnor\u2019s diary entry of that date.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote30\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote30\"><strong>30<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Ancestry.com,\u00a0<i>Kentucky, Death Records, 1852-1965<\/i>, record for Joel R Morrison.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote31\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote31\"><strong>31<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Ancestry.com,\u00a0<i>U.S., Army Transport Service, Passenger Lists, 1910-1939<\/i>, record for Austin F. Morrison; record for Clarence B. Maloney.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"WPFootnote32\" class=\"WPNormal\">\n<p><a href=\"#LinkTo_WPFootnote32\"><strong>32<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u201cMorrison Gets Merit Citation.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0(Iron River, Michigan, March 11, 1893 \u2013 November 7, 1966, Milwaukee, Wisconsin).1 Oxford and Grantham\u00a0 \u272f\u00a0 Thetford, London Colney, Shoreham\u00a0 \u272f\u00a0 France\u00a0 \u272f\u00a0 London and home Both of Morrison\u2019s parents were from New Brunswick, Canada; his grandfather Morrison had arrived in Canada from Perthshire, Scotland, as a small boy. Morrison\u2019s mother, born Clara Olive Waters, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/the-biographies\/finley-austin-morrison\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Finley Austin Morrison&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5836,"parent":30,"menu_order":90,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5826","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5826","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5826"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5826\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7986,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5826\/revisions\/7986"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5836"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/parr-hooper.cmsmcq.com\/2OD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5826"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}